Gross National Happiness Philosophy

"Gross National Happiness" emerged as a guiding philosophy for Bhutan's development under the reign of His Majesty King Jigme Singye Wangchuk in 1972, shortly after his enthronement. Over the years, this concept has undergone extensive discussions and refinements, shaping both its understanding and its practical implementation. His Majesty's vision was clear: he considered happiness the ultimate goal, a pursuit that may not be shared by every Bhutanese or human being. Everything else that occupies our efforts and endeavors serves as a means to achieve this profound wish.

However, it's intriguing to note that human societies often grapple with a fundamental conundrum, mistaking the simplicity of this ultimate objective for the complexity of the means used to attain it. This paradox highlights a critical flaw in the conventional development and economic growth paradigms, which can lead to delusions and misconceptions.

Fortunately, as the 20th century drew to a close and the 21st century began, an increasing number of individuals across various segments of society started to recognize the necessity of defining a clear purpose and adopting a more rational approach to development. There was a growing sense of discontent with the direction in which human society was headed, driven by its actions without a well-defined and meaningful trajectory.

Furthermore, there was a growing consensus that the prevailing models of conventional development and contemporary lifestyles were unsustainable. This awareness marked a significant shift in perspective and a growing realization that a more holistic, sustainable, and happiness-focused approach was needed to guide not only Bhutan but also the broader discourse on development and well-being around the world.

At this stage in Bhutan, the creation of an enabling environment for GNH is being undertaken through a set of four key strategies popularly known as the four pillars. These are:

The concept of Gross National Happiness is dynamic and flexible. We have consistently embraced new ideas and principles that enhance and reinforce the core essence of this concept. This adaptability has been particularly evident in the realm of human development principles and goals. We have readily aligned with international declarations that emphasize fundamental rights such as access to education and healthcare for all. These principles align seamlessly with our approach to development, and as such, we have seamlessly integrated them into our development planning.