Religion and Society

Buddhism
Bhutan, often referred to as the last stronghold of Vajrayana Buddhism, boasts a rich religious history deeply intertwined with its cultural identity. Buddhism found its roots in this enchanting Himalayan kingdom in the 8th century when Guru Padmasambhava, an Indian Tantric master, introduced the faith. Prior to this, the people of Bhutan adhered to Bonism, a religion that revered all aspects of nature. Remarkably, even today, remnants of Bonism can be discovered in some remote villages throughout the country.

One of the most pivotal figures in Bhutan's religious evolution was Zhabdrung Nawang Namgyal, whose arrival in 1616 from Tibet marked a landmark moment in the nation's history. He successfully unified the various Buddhist schools that had developed in western Bhutan, effectively consolidating the country into a cohesive nation-state. This unification played a pivotal role in shaping Bhutan's distinct national identity.

Today, Buddhism is not merely a historical relic in Bhutan but a vibrant and integral part of the Bhutanese way of life. Its influence permeates nearly every facet of society, leaving an indelible mark. This is evident in the majestic Dzongs, serene monasteries, and sacred stupas that dot the Bhutanese landscape. Prayer flags, with their vivid colors and profound symbolism, flutter in the breeze, while prayer wheels, perpetually turned by the faithful, resonate with spiritual devotion. The harmonious chime of ritual bells and the resonant gong sounds fill the air as people circumambulate temples and stupas, offering their prayers and homage to the divine. The crimson-robed monks, a symbol of spiritual dedication, conduct solemn rituals in these sacred places. All these aspects stand as profound testaments to the profound significance of Buddhism in the heart and soul of Bhutanese life.

People
In addition to the main ethnic groups in Bhutan, the country is home to several distinct minority communities. These minority groups include the Bumthaps and Khengpas, who reside in Central Bhutan, the Kurtoeps in the region of Lhuentse, the Brokpas and Bramis of Merak and Sakteng located in the eastern part of Bhutan, the Doyas living in Samtse, and lastly, the Monpas who inhabit the Rukha villages in Wangdue Phodrang.

When combined, these diverse ethnic communities contribute to the rich tapestry of Bhutan's population, which totals just over 784,900 individuals. Bhutan's multiethnic society reflects a harmonious blend of cultures and traditions that have coexisted for generations, contributing to the nation's unique and diverse cultural landscape.

Society
Bhutanese society stands out as an exemplar of inclusivity and equality, devoid of class or caste divisions. In the early 1950s, the Third King, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, took a historic step by issuing a royal edict to abolish slavery. This move underscored the nation's commitment to eradicating social inequities.

Furthermore, Bhutan has long upheld gender equality as a fundamental principle. Although organizations aimed at empowering women have been established in the past, the country has consistently maintained a relatively balanced and equitable environment for both genders.

In essence, Bhutan is known for being an open and warm-hearted society. Living in Bhutanese society entails adhering to certain accepted norms, primarily guided by Driglam Namzha, the traditional code of etiquette. Driglam Namzha imparts a set of conduct rules that individuals follow as members of a respectful community. Examples of this code include the custom of wearing a traditional scarf, known as a "kabney," when visiting a Dzong or an office. It also encompasses practices like allowing elders and monks to serve themselves first during meals, offering felicitation scarves during significant ceremonies like marriages and promotions, and extending polite greetings to elders and seniors.

Bhutanese people are known for their vibrant and sociable nature. They delight in song and dance, and often engage in friendly contests involving traditional activities such as archery, stone pitching, and traditional darts. Alongside these traditional pastimes, Western games have also found their place in Bhutanese culture.

The Bhutanese calendar is dotted with celebratory events, from weddings to religious holidays, and these provide the perfect backdrop for friends and family to gather. The openness of Bhutanese society is further exemplified by the practice of visiting friends and relatives unannounced at any time of day. Regardless of the hour, guests are warmly received and offered hospitality, reflecting the genuine and welcoming spirit of Bhutanese culture.